7.8. Operator Increment

  • x += y - will call method "iadd" on object x (x.__iadd__(y))

  • x -= y - will call method "isub" on object x (x.__isub__(y))

  • x *= y - will call method "imul" on object x (x.__imul__(y))

  • x **= y - will call method "ipow" on object x (x.__ipow__(y))

  • x @= y - will call method "imatmul" on object x (x.__imatmul__(y))

  • x /= y - will call method "itruediv" on object x (x.__itruediv__(y))

  • x //= y - will call method "ifloordiv" on object x (x.__ifloordiv__(y))

  • x %= y - will call method "imod" on object x (x.__imod__(y))

Table 7.3. Numerical Operator Overload

Operator

Method

obj += other

obj.__iadd__(other)

obj -= other

obj.__isub__(other)

obj *= other

obj.__imul__(other)

obj **= other

obj.__ipow__(other)

obj @= other

obj.__imatmul__(other)

obj /= other

obj.__itruediv__(other)

obj //= other

obj.__ifloordiv__(other)

obj %= other

obj.__imod__(other)

7.8.1. Memory

  • tuple is immutable

  • list is mutable

  • tuple += tuple will generate new tuple

  • list += list will update old list

  • __iadd__() operator on tuple is different than on list

>>> a = [1, 2, 3]
>>> id(a)  
4345884480
>>>
>>> a += [4, 5, 6]
>>> id(a)  
4345884480
>>>
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> a = (1, 2, 3)
>>> id(a)  
4354672064
>>>
>>> a += (4, 5, 6)
>>> id(a)  
4360031872
>>>
>>> a
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

7.8.2. SetUp

>>> from dataclasses import dataclass, field

7.8.3. Syntax

>>> @dataclass
... class Vector:
...     x: int
...     y: int
...
...     def __iadd__(self, other): ...              # x += y    calls x.__iadd__(y)
...     def __isub__(self, other): ...              # x -= y    calls x.__isub__(y)
...     def __imul__(self, other): ...              # x *= y    calls x.__imul__(y)
...     def __ipow__(self, power, modulo=None): ... # x **= y   calls x.__ipow__(y)
...     def __imatmul__(self, other): ...           # x @= y    calls x.__imatmul__(y)
...     def __itruediv__(self, other): ...          # x /= y    calls x.__itruediv__(y)
...     def __ifloordiv__(self, other): ...         # x //= y   calls x.__ifloordiv__(y)
...     def __imod__(self, other): ...              # x %= y    calls x.__imod__(y)

7.8.4. Example

>>> @dataclass
... class Vector:
...     x: int
...     y: int
...
...     def __iadd__(self, other):
...         self.x += other.x
...         self.y += other.y
...         return self
...
>>>
>>>
>>> a = Vector(x=1, y=2)
>>>
>>> a += Vector(x=10, y=20)
>>> print(a)
Vector(x=11, y=22)

7.8.5. Add vs Iadd

>>> @dataclass
... class Vector:
...     x: int
...     y: int
...
...     def __add__(self, other):
...         return Vector(
...             x = self.x + other.x,
...             y = self.y + other.y)
>>>
>>>
>>> a = Vector(x=1, y=2)
>>>
>>> id(a)  
4435911632
>>>
>>> a += Vector(x=10, y=20)
>>> id(a)  
4435972432
>>>
>>> print(a)
Vector(x=11, y=22)
>>> @dataclass
... class Vector:
...     x: int
...     y: int
...
...     def __iadd__(self, other):
...         self.x += other.x
...         self.y += other.y
...         return self
>>>
>>>
>>> a = Vector(x=1, y=2)
>>>
>>> id(a)  
4437201808
>>>
>>> a += Vector(x=10, y=20)
>>> id(a)  
4437201808
>>>
>>> print(a)
Vector(x=11, y=22)

7.8.6. Use Case - 0x01

>>> hero['gold'] += dragon['gold']  

7.8.7. Use Case - 0x02

>>> class Group:
...     def __init__(self):
...         self.members = []
...
...     def __iadd__(self, other):
...         self.members.append(other)
...         return self
>>>
>>>
>>> admins = Group()
>>> admins += 'mwatney'
>>> admins += 'mlewis'
>>> admins += 'rmartinez'
>>>
>>> admins.members
['mwatney', 'mlewis', 'rmartinez']

7.8.8. Assignments

Code 7.26. Solution
"""
* Assignment: Operator Increment Add
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 3 lines
* Time: 3 min

English:
    1. Overload operator `+=`
    2. Make `User` objects able to add `Groups`, for example:
       a. `mark = User(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney')`
       b. `mark += Group(1, 'admins')`
       c. `mark += Group(2, 'staff')`
    3. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Przeciąż operator `+=`
    2. Spraw aby do obiektów klasy `User` można dodać `Group`, przykład:
       a. `mark = User(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney')`
       b. `mark += Group(1, 'admins')`
       c. `mark += Group(2, 'staff')`
    3. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Hints:
    * `object.__iadd__() -> self`

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
    >>> from pprint import pprint

    >>> mark = User(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney', groups=[])
    >>> mark += Group(1, 'admins')
    >>> mark += Group(2, 'staff')

    >>> pprint(mark, width=50)
    User(firstname='Mark',
         lastname='Watney',
         groups=[Group(gid=1, name='admins'),
                 Group(gid=2, name='staff')])
"""

from dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class Group:
    gid: int
    name: str

# Make `User` objects able to add `Groups`, for example:
# a. `mark = User(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney')`
# b. `mark += Group(1, 'admins')`
# c. `mark += Group(2, 'staff')`
# type: type[User]
@dataclass
class User:
    firstname: str
    lastname: str
    groups: list[Group]