5.6. Array Select

5.6.1. Unique

>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>>
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 1],
...               [1, 4, 5, 6]])
>>>
>>> np.unique(a)
array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
>>>
>>> np.unique(a, axis=0)
array([[1, 2, 3, 1],
       [1, 4, 5, 6]])
>>>
>>> np.unique(a, axis=1)
array([[1, 1, 2, 3],
       [1, 6, 4, 5]])

5.6.2. Diagonal

>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>>
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2],
...               [3, 4]])
>>>
>>> a.diagonal()
array([1, 4])
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>>
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
...               [4, 5, 6]])
>>>
>>> a.diagonal()
array([1, 5])
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>>
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
...               [4, 5, 6],
...               [7, 8, 9]])
>>>
>>> a.diagonal()
array([1, 5, 9])

5.6.3. Nonzero

  • Each element of the tuple contains one of the indices for each nonzero value.

  • Therefore, the length of each tuple element is the number of nonzeros in the array.

  • The first element of the tuple is the first index for each of the nonzero values: ([0, 0, 1, 1]).

  • The second element of the tuple is the second index for each of the nonzero values: ([0, 2, 0, 2]).

  • Pairs are zipped (first and second tuple):

    • 0, 0

    • 0, 2

    • 1, 0

    • 1, 2

>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>>
>>> a = np.array([[1, 0, 2],
...               [3, 0, 4]])
>>>
>>> a.nonzero()  
(array([0, 0, 1, 1]),
 array([0, 2, 0, 2]))
>>>
>>> a[a.nonzero()]
array([1, 2, 3, 4])

5.6.4. Where

  • where(boolarray)

  • indexes of elements

>>> import numpy as np

Single argument:

>>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
>>>
>>> np.where(a != 2)
(array([0, 2, 3, 4, 5]),)
>>>
>>> np.where(a % 2 == 0)
(array([1, 3, 5]),)
>>>
>>> np.where( (a>2) & (a<5) )
(array([2, 3]),)
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
...               [4, 5, 6],
...               [7, 8, 9]])
>>>
>>> np.where(a % 2 == 0)  
(array([0, 1, 1, 2]),
 array([1, 0, 2, 1]))
>>>
>>> np.where( (a>2) & (a<5) )  
(array([0, 1]),
 array([2, 0]))

5.6.5. Multiple argument

  • where(boolarray, truearray, falsearray):

>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>>
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
...               [4, 5, 6],
...               [7, 8, 9]])
>>> np.where(a < 5, 'small', 'large')
array([['small', 'small', 'small'],
       ['small', 'large', 'large'],
       ['large', 'large', 'large']], dtype='<U5')
>>> np.where(a % 2 == 0, 'even', 'odd')
array([['odd', 'even', 'odd'],
       ['even', 'odd', 'even'],
       ['odd', 'even', 'odd']], dtype='<U4')
>>> np.where(a % 2 == 0, np.nan, a)
array([[ 1., nan,  3.],
       [nan,  5., nan],
       [ 7., nan,  9.]])

5.6.6. Take

>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
>>> at_index = np.array([0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1])
>>>
>>> a.take(at_index)
array([1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2])
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
...               [4, 5, 6],
...               [7, 8, 9]])
>>>
>>> at_index = np.array([0, 0, 1])
>>>
>>> a.take(at_index, axis=0)
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6]])
>>>
>>> a.take(at_index, axis=1)
array([[1, 1, 2],
       [4, 4, 5],
       [7, 7, 8]])

5.6.7. Assignments

Code 5.92. Solution
"""
* Assignment: Numpy Select Isin
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 6 lines
* Time: 5 min

English:
    1. Set random seed to 0
    2. Generate `a: np.ndarray` of size 50x50
    3. `a` must contains random integers from 0 to 1024 inclusive
    4. Create `result: np.ndarray` with elements selected from `a` which are power of two
    5. Sort `result` in descending order
    6. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Ustaw ziarno losowości na 0
    2. Wygeneruj `a: np.ndarray` rozmiaru 50x50
    3. `a` musi zawierać losowe liczby całkowite z zakresu od 0 do 1024 włącznie
    4. Stwórz `result: np.ndarray` z elementami wybranymi z `a`, które są potęgami dwójki
    5. Posortuj `result` w kolejności malejącej
    6. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Hints:
    * `np.isin(a, b)`
    * `np.flip(a)`

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0

    >>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
    'Assign result to variable: `result`'
    >>> assert type(result) is np.ndarray, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid type, expected: np.ndarray'

    >>> result
    array([1024, 1024, 1024, 1024, 1024, 1024,  512,  512,  512,  512,  256,
            256,  256,  256,  256,  128,  128,  128,  128,  128,   64,   32,
             32,   32,   32,   32,   16,   16,   16,   16,   16,   16,    8,
              8,    4,    2,    2,    2,    2,    2])
"""

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(0)


result = ...