7.5. Regex Literal Range

Important

• [a-z] - Range

• [a-z] - any lowercase ASCII letter from a to z

• [A-Z] - any uppercase ASCII letter from A to Z

• [0-9] - any digit from 0 to 9

• [a-zA-Z] - any ASCII letter from: a to z or from A to Z

• [A-z] - any ASCII letter from: a to z or from A to Z

• [a-zA-Z0-9] - any ASCII letter from a to z or from A to Z or digit from 0 to 9

Ranges provide even more readable and convenient way os specifying particular characters to match. It is very useful to define ranges of numbers or letters this way.

7.5.1. SetUp

✘

>>> import re

7.5.2. Lowercase Letters

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[a-z]', TEXT)
['n', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'n', 's', 't', 'a', 't', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'e',
 'a', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'e', 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e', 'c',
 'o', 'm', 'w', 'r', 'o', 't', 'e']

7.5.3. Uppercase Letters

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[A-Z]', TEXT)
['O', 'S', 'J', 'A', 'M', 'A']

7.5.4. Digits

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[0-9]', TEXT)
['1', '2', '0', '0', '0', '1', '2', '0', '0']

7.5.5. Joining Ranges

• [a-zA-Z]

• [a-zA-Z0-9]

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[a-zA-Z]', TEXT)
['O', 'n', 'S', 'u', 'n', 'J', 'a', 'n', 's', 't', 'a', 't', 'A',
 'M', 'A', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'e', 'a', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'e', 'e', 'x',
 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e', 'c', 'o', 'm', 'w', 'r', 'o', 't', 'e']

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[a-zA-Z0-9]', TEXT)
['O', 'n', 'S', 'u', 'n', 'J', 'a', 'n', '1', 's', 't', '2', '0',
 '0', '0', 'a', 't', '1', '2', '0', '0', 'A', 'M', 'A', 'l', 'i',
 'c', 'e', 'a', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'e', 'e', 'x', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l',
 'e', 'c', 'o', 'm', 'w', 'r', 'o', 't', 'e']

7.5.6. Other Ranges

Mind that ranges not necessarily need to be from a-z. It could be any alphabetic or numeric range:

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[2-7]', TEXT)
['2', '2']

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[C-Y]', TEXT)
['O', 'S', 'J', 'M']

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[3-7C-Y]', TEXT)
['O', 'S', 'J', 'M']

7.5.7. Note

Ranges are ordered in ASCII table order (more information in Locale Encoding). Because uppercase letters are before lowercase letters (has lower indexes), you can define range from Z-a, but the opposite is not true:

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[Z-a]', TEXT)
['a', 'a', 'a', 'a']

✘

>>> TEXT = 'On Sun, Jan 1st, 2000 at 12:00 AM Alice <alice@example.com> wrote'
>>> re.findall(r'[a-Z]', TEXT)
Traceback (most recent call last):
re.PatternError: bad character range a-Z at position 1

The last example can work in some other languages due to the different implementation of the algorithm or PCRE standard. More information in Syntax Extensions.

7.5.8. Examples

• [d-m] - any lowercase letter from d to m

• [3-7] - any digit from 3 to 7

• [xz2] - x or z or 2

• [d-mK-P3-8] - any lowercase letter from d to m or uppercase letter from K to P or digit from 3 to 8

• x|z|2 - x or z or 2

• d|x - d or x

• [d-k]|[ABC]|[3-8] - any lowercase letter from d to k or uppercase A,`B` or C or digit from 3 to 8

7.5.9. Case Study

import re


PHONE1 = '+48 (12) 345-6789'
PHONE2 = '+48 123 456 789'

# %%

phone1 = re.findall(r'[0-9]', PHONE1)
phone1
# ['4', '8', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']

phone2 = re.findall(r'[0-9]', PHONE2)
phone2
# ['4', '8', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']

# %%

phone1 == phone2
# True

7.5.10. Assignments

# %% About
# - Name: RE Syntax Class
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 3
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Define `result_a: str` with regular expression pattern to find
#    all digits
#    example: ['1', '1', '2', '0', '1', '9', '6', ...]
# 2. Define `result_b: str` with regular expression pattern to find
#    all uppercase letters
#    example: ['A', 'A', 'M', 'C', 'C', 'D', ...]
# 3. Define `result_c: str` with regular expression pattern to find
#    all lowercase letters
#    example: ['p', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'o', ...]
# 4. Define only regex pattern (str), not re.findall(...)
# 5. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Zdefiniuj `result_a: str` z wzorcem wyrażenia regularnego aby wyszukać
#    wszystkie cyfry
#    przykład: ['1', '1', '2', '0', '1', '9', '6', ...]
# 2. Zdefiniuj `result_b: str` z wzorcem wyrażenia regularnego aby wyszukać
#    wszystkie duże litery, przykład: ['A', 'A', 'M', 'C', 'C', 'D', ...]
# 3. Zdefiniuj `result_c: str` z wzorcem wyrażenia regularnego aby wyszukać
#    wszystkie małe litery
#    przykład: ['p', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'o', ...]
# 4. Zdefiniuj tylko wzorzec regex (str), nie re.findall(...)
# 5. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% References
# [1] Authors: Wikipedia contributors
#     Title: Apollo 11
#     Publisher: Wikipedia
#     Year: 2019
#     Retrieved: 2019-12-14
#     URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> from pprint import pprint

>>> result = re.findall(result_a, DATA)
>>> pprint(result, compact=True, width=72)
['1', '1', '2', '0', '1', '9', '6', '9', '2', '0', '1', '7', '6', '3',
 '9', '2', '1', '1', '9', '6', '9', '0', '2', '5', '6', '1', '5', '1',
 '9', '2', '3', '1', '4', '7', '5', '2', '1', '5', '2', '1', '3', '6']

>>> result = re.findall(result_b, DATA)
>>> pprint(result, compact=True, width=72)
['A', 'A', 'M', 'C', 'C', 'D', 'R', 'N', 'A', 'L', 'M', 'P', 'B', 'A',
 'A', 'L', 'M', 'L', 'M', 'E', 'J', 'U', 'T', 'C', 'A', 'E', 'V', 'A',
 'M', 'E', 'V', 'A', 'J', 'U', 'T', 'C', 'A', 'T', 'T', 'B', 'A', 'A',
 'E', 'M', 'C', 'C', 'M', 'P', 'C', 'M', 'C', 'M', 'C', 'M', 'C']

>>> result = re.findall(result_c, DATA)
>>> pprint(result, compact=True, width=72)
['p', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'w', 'a', 's', 't', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'e', 'r',
 'i', 'c', 'a', 'n', 's', 'p', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'f', 'l', 'i', 'g', 'h',
 't', 't', 'h', 'a', 't', 'f', 'i', 'r', 's', 't', 'l', 'a', 'n', 'd',
 'e', 'd', 'h', 'u', 'm', 'a', 'n', 's', 'o', 'n', 't', 'h', 'e', 'o',
 'o', 'n', 'o', 'm', 'm', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'r', 'e', 'i', 'l', 'r',
 'm', 's', 't', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a',
 'r', 'm', 'o', 'd', 'u', 'l', 'e', 'p', 'i', 'l', 'o', 't', 'u', 'z',
 'z', 'l', 'd', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'l', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'd', 't', 'h',
 'e', 'p', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'o', 'd', 'u', 'l',
 'e', 'a', 'g', 'l', 'e', 'o', 'n', 'u', 'l', 'y', 't', 'h', 'a', 't',
 'a', 'n', 'd', 'r', 'm', 's', 't', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'c',
 'a', 'm', 'e', 't', 'h', 'e', 'f', 'i', 'r', 's', 't', 'p', 'e', 'r',
 's', 'o', 'n', 't', 'o', 's', 't', 'e', 'p', 'o', 'n', 't', 'o', 't',
 'h', 'e', 'o', 'o', 'n', 's', 's', 'u', 'r', 'f', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'h',
 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e', 's', 'l', 'a', 't',
 'e', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'u', 'l', 'y', 's', 't', 'a', 't', 'l', 'd', 'r',
 'i', 'n', 'j', 'o', 'i', 'n', 'e', 'd', 'h', 'i', 'm', 'm', 'i', 'n',
 'u', 't', 'e', 's', 'l', 'a', 't', 'e', 'r', 'h', 'e', 'y', 's', 'p',
 'e', 'n', 't', 'h', 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e',
 's', 'e', 'x', 'p', 'l', 'o', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h', 'e', 's',
 'i', 't', 'e', 't', 'h', 'e', 'y', 'h', 'a', 'd', 'n', 'a', 'm', 'e',
 'd', 'r', 'a', 'n', 'q', 'u', 'i', 'l', 'i', 't', 'y', 'a', 's', 'e',
 'u', 'p', 'o', 'n', 'l', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'i', 'n', 'g', 'r', 'm', 's',
 't', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'l', 'd', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'c',
 'o', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'c', 't', 'e', 'd', 'p', 'o', 'u', 'n', 'd', 's',
 'k', 'g', 'o', 'f', 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'm', 'a', 't', 'e', 'r',
 'i', 'a', 'l', 't', 'o', 'b', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'k',
 't', 'o', 'a', 'r', 't', 'h', 'a', 's', 'p', 'i', 'l', 'o', 't', 'i',
 'c', 'h', 'a', 'e', 'l', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'i', 'n', 's', 'f', 'l', 'e',
 'w', 't', 'h', 'e', 'o', 'm', 'm', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'o', 'd', 'u', 'l',
 'e', 'o', 'l', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'i', 'a', 'i', 'n', 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a',
 'r', 'o', 'r', 'b', 'i', 't', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'w', 'e', 'r', 'e', 'o',
 'n', 't', 'h', 'e', 'o', 'o', 'n', 's', 's', 'u', 'r', 'f', 'a', 'c',
 'e', 'f', 'o', 'r', 'h', 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't',
 'e', 's', 'b', 'e', 'f', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'l', 'i', 'f', 't', 'i', 'n',
 'g', 'o', 'f', 'f', 't', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'j', 'o', 'i', 'n', 'o', 'l',
 'u', 'm', 'b', 'i', 'a']
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports
import re

# %% Types
result_a: str
result_b: str
result_c: str

# %% Data
DATA = """Apollo 11 was the American spaceflight that first landed
humans on the Moon. Commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong and lunar module
pilot (LMP) Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module (LM) Eagle on
July 20th, 1969 at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person
to step (EVA) onto the Moon's surface (EVA) 6 hours 39 minutes later,
on July 21st, 1969 at 02:56:15 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later.
They spent 2 hours 31 minutes exploring the site they had named
Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected 47.5 pounds
(21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins
(CMP) flew the Command Module (CM) Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the
Moon's surface for 21 hours 36 minutes before lifting off to rejoin
Columbia."""

# %% Result
result_a = r''
result_b = r''
result_c = r''

# %% About
# - Name: RE Syntax Class
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 3
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Define `result_a: str` with regular expression pattern to find
#    all lowercase and uppercase letters
#    example: ['a', 'A', 'b', 'B', 'c', 'C', ...]
# 2. Define `result_b: str` with regular expression pattern to find
#    all lowercase and uppercase letters and digits
#    example: ['a', 'A', 'b', 'B', 'c', 'C', '1', '2', '3', ...]
# 3. Define only regex pattern (str), not re.findall(...)
# 4. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Zdefiniuj `result_a: str` z wzorcem wyrażenia regularnego aby wyszukać
#    wszystkie małe i duże litery
#    przykład: ['a', 'A', 'b', 'B', 'c', 'C', ...]
# 2. Zdefiniuj `result_b: str` z wzorcem wyrażenia regularnego aby wyszukać
#    wszystkie małe i duże litery oraz wszystkie cyfry
#    przykład: ['a', 'A', 'b', 'B', 'c', 'C', '1', '2', '3', ...]
# 3. Zdefiniuj tylko wzorzec regex (str), nie re.findall(...)
# 4. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% References
# [1] Authors: Wikipedia contributors
#     Title: Apollo 11
#     Publisher: Wikipedia
#     Year: 2019
#     Retrieved: 2019-12-14
#     URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> from pprint import pprint

>>> result = re.findall(result_a, DATA)
>>> pprint(result, compact=True, width=72)
['A', 'p', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'w', 'a', 's', 't', 'h', 'e', 'A', 'm',
 'e', 'r', 'i', 'c', 'a', 'n', 's', 'p', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'f', 'l', 'i',
 'g', 'h', 't', 't', 'h', 'a', 't', 'f', 'i', 'r', 's', 't', 'l', 'a',
 'n', 'd', 'e', 'd', 'h', 'u', 'm', 'a', 'n', 's', 'o', 'n', 't', 'h',
 'e', 'M', 'o', 'o', 'n', 'C', 'o', 'm', 'm', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'r',
 'C', 'D', 'R', 'N', 'e', 'i', 'l', 'A', 'r', 'm', 's', 't', 'r', 'o',
 'n', 'g', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'm', 'o', 'd', 'u',
 'l', 'e', 'p', 'i', 'l', 'o', 't', 'L', 'M', 'P', 'B', 'u', 'z', 'z',
 'A', 'l', 'd', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'l', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'd', 't', 'h',
 'e', 'A', 'p', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'L', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'M', 'o',
 'd', 'u', 'l', 'e', 'L', 'M', 'E', 'a', 'g', 'l', 'e', 'o', 'n', 'J',
 'u', 'l', 'y', 't', 'h', 'a', 't', 'U', 'T', 'C', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'A',
 'r', 'm', 's', 't', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'c', 'a', 'm', 'e',
 't', 'h', 'e', 'f', 'i', 'r', 's', 't', 'p', 'e', 'r', 's', 'o', 'n',
 't', 'o', 's', 't', 'e', 'p', 'E', 'V', 'A', 'o', 'n', 't', 'o', 't',
 'h', 'e', 'M', 'o', 'o', 'n', 's', 's', 'u', 'r', 'f', 'a', 'c', 'e',
 'E', 'V', 'A', 'h', 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e',
 's', 'l', 'a', 't', 'e', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'J', 'u', 'l', 'y', 's', 't',
 'a', 't', 'U', 'T', 'C', 'A', 'l', 'd', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'j', 'o', 'i',
 'n', 'e', 'd', 'h', 'i', 'm', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e', 's', 'l',
 'a', 't', 'e', 'r', 'T', 'h', 'e', 'y', 's', 'p', 'e', 'n', 't', 'h',
 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e', 's', 'e', 'x', 'p',
 'l', 'o', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h', 'e', 's', 'i', 't', 'e', 't',
 'h', 'e', 'y', 'h', 'a', 'd', 'n', 'a', 'm', 'e', 'd', 'T', 'r', 'a',
 'n', 'q', 'u', 'i', 'l', 'i', 't', 'y', 'B', 'a', 's', 'e', 'u', 'p',
 'o', 'n', 'l', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'i', 'n', 'g', 'A', 'r', 'm', 's', 't',
 'r', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'A', 'l', 'd', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'c',
 'o', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'c', 't', 'e', 'd', 'p', 'o', 'u', 'n', 'd', 's',
 'k', 'g', 'o', 'f', 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'm', 'a', 't', 'e', 'r',
 'i', 'a', 'l', 't', 'o', 'b', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'k',
 't', 'o', 'E', 'a', 'r', 't', 'h', 'a', 's', 'p', 'i', 'l', 'o', 't',
 'M', 'i', 'c', 'h', 'a', 'e', 'l', 'C', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'i', 'n', 's',
 'C', 'M', 'P', 'f', 'l', 'e', 'w', 't', 'h', 'e', 'C', 'o', 'm', 'm',
 'a', 'n', 'd', 'M', 'o', 'd', 'u', 'l', 'e', 'C', 'M', 'C', 'o', 'l',
 'u', 'm', 'b', 'i', 'a', 'i', 'n', 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'o', 'r',
 'b', 'i', 't', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'w', 'e', 'r', 'e', 'o', 'n', 't', 'h',
 'e', 'M', 'o', 'o', 'n', 's', 's', 'u', 'r', 'f', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'f',
 'o', 'r', 'h', 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e', 's',
 'b', 'e', 'f', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'l', 'i', 'f', 't', 'i', 'n', 'g', 'o',
 'f', 'f', 't', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'j', 'o', 'i', 'n', 'C', 'o', 'l', 'u',
 'm', 'b', 'i', 'a']

>>> result = re.findall(result_b, DATA)
>>> pprint(result, compact=True, width=72)
['A', 'p', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'o', '1', '1', 'w', 'a', 's', 't', 'h', 'e',
 'A', 'm', 'e', 'r', 'i', 'c', 'a', 'n', 's', 'p', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'f',
 'l', 'i', 'g', 'h', 't', 't', 'h', 'a', 't', 'f', 'i', 'r', 's', 't',
 'l', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'd', 'h', 'u', 'm', 'a', 'n', 's', 'o', 'n',
 't', 'h', 'e', 'M', 'o', 'o', 'n', 'C', 'o', 'm', 'm', 'a', 'n', 'd',
 'e', 'r', 'C', 'D', 'R', 'N', 'e', 'i', 'l', 'A', 'r', 'm', 's', 't',
 'r', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'm', 'o',
 'd', 'u', 'l', 'e', 'p', 'i', 'l', 'o', 't', 'L', 'M', 'P', 'B', 'u',
 'z', 'z', 'A', 'l', 'd', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'l', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'd',
 't', 'h', 'e', 'A', 'p', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'L', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r',
 'M', 'o', 'd', 'u', 'l', 'e', 'L', 'M', 'E', 'a', 'g', 'l', 'e', 'o',
 'n', 'J', 'u', 'l', 'y', '2', '0', 't', 'h', '1', '9', '6', '9', 'a',
 't', '2', '0', '1', '7', 'U', 'T', 'C', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'A', 'r', 'm',
 's', 't', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'c', 'a', 'm', 'e', 't', 'h',
 'e', 'f', 'i', 'r', 's', 't', 'p', 'e', 'r', 's', 'o', 'n', 't', 'o',
 's', 't', 'e', 'p', 'E', 'V', 'A', 'o', 'n', 't', 'o', 't', 'h', 'e',
 'M', 'o', 'o', 'n', 's', 's', 'u', 'r', 'f', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'E', 'V',
 'A', '6', 'h', 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', '3', '9', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't',
 'e', 's', 'l', 'a', 't', 'e', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'J', 'u', 'l', 'y', '2',
 '1', 's', 't', '1', '9', '6', '9', 'a', 't', '0', '2', '5', '6', '1',
 '5', 'U', 'T', 'C', 'A', 'l', 'd', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'j', 'o', 'i', 'n',
 'e', 'd', 'h', 'i', 'm', '1', '9', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e', 's',
 'l', 'a', 't', 'e', 'r', 'T', 'h', 'e', 'y', 's', 'p', 'e', 'n', 't',
 '2', 'h', 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', '3', '1', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e',
 's', 'e', 'x', 'p', 'l', 'o', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h', 'e', 's',
 'i', 't', 'e', 't', 'h', 'e', 'y', 'h', 'a', 'd', 'n', 'a', 'm', 'e',
 'd', 'T', 'r', 'a', 'n', 'q', 'u', 'i', 'l', 'i', 't', 'y', 'B', 'a',
 's', 'e', 'u', 'p', 'o', 'n', 'l', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'i', 'n', 'g', 'A',
 'r', 'm', 's', 't', 'r', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'A', 'l', 'd',
 'r', 'i', 'n', 'c', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'c', 't', 'e', 'd', '4', '7',
 '5', 'p', 'o', 'u', 'n', 'd', 's', '2', '1', '5', 'k', 'g', 'o', 'f',
 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'm', 'a', 't', 'e', 'r', 'i', 'a', 'l', 't',
 'o', 'b', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'k', 't', 'o', 'E', 'a',
 'r', 't', 'h', 'a', 's', 'p', 'i', 'l', 'o', 't', 'M', 'i', 'c', 'h',
 'a', 'e', 'l', 'C', 'o', 'l', 'l', 'i', 'n', 's', 'C', 'M', 'P', 'f',
 'l', 'e', 'w', 't', 'h', 'e', 'C', 'o', 'm', 'm', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'M',
 'o', 'd', 'u', 'l', 'e', 'C', 'M', 'C', 'o', 'l', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'i',
 'a', 'i', 'n', 'l', 'u', 'n', 'a', 'r', 'o', 'r', 'b', 'i', 't', 'a',
 'n', 'd', 'w', 'e', 'r', 'e', 'o', 'n', 't', 'h', 'e', 'M', 'o', 'o',
 'n', 's', 's', 'u', 'r', 'f', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'f', 'o', 'r', '2', '1',
 'h', 'o', 'u', 'r', 's', '3', '6', 'm', 'i', 'n', 'u', 't', 'e', 's',
 'b', 'e', 'f', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'l', 'i', 'f', 't', 'i', 'n', 'g', 'o',
 'f', 'f', 't', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'j', 'o', 'i', 'n', 'C', 'o', 'l', 'u',
 'm', 'b', 'i', 'a']
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports
import re

# %% Types
result_a: str
result_b: str

# %% Data
DATA = """Apollo 11 was the American spaceflight that first landed
humans on the Moon. Commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong and lunar module
pilot (LMP) Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module (LM) Eagle on
July 20th, 1969 at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person
to step (EVA) onto the Moon's surface (EVA) 6 hours 39 minutes later,
on July 21st, 1969 at 02:56:15 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later.
They spent 2 hours 31 minutes exploring the site they had named
Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected 47.5 pounds
(21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins
(CMP) flew the Command Module (CM) Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the
Moon's surface for 21 hours 36 minutes before lifting off to rejoin
Columbia."""

# %% Result
result_a = r''
result_b = r''