6.1. ORM About

6.1.1. Create Objects

• .bulk_create()

• .create()

• .get_or_create()

• .save()

• .update_or_create()

6.1.2. Update Objects

• .bulk_update()

• .save()

• .select_for_update()

• .update()

• .update_or_create()

6.1.3. Delete Objects

• .delete()

6.1.4. Get One Result

• .earliest()

• .first()

• .get()

• .get_or_create()

• .last()

• .latest()

6.1.5. Get Many Result

• .all()

• .complex_filter()

• .extra()

• .filter()

• .reverse()

• .union()

6.1.6. Narrow Results

• .exclude()

• .intersection()

• .none()

• .only()

• .values()

• .values_list()

• result[1:]

• result[1]

• result[::2]

6.1.7. Check Results

• .check()

• .exist()

• .exists()

• .explain()

6.1.8. Order Results

• .order_by()

6.1.9. Performance

• .prefetch_related()

• .select_related()

6.1.10. Functions

• .aggregate()

• .alias()

• .annotate()

• .count()

• .distinct()

• .using()

6.1.11. Other

• .dates()

• .datetimes()

• .difference()

• .in_bulk()

• .raw()

6.1.12. Lookup

Empty:

• __isnull

Sequences:

• __in

Strings:

• __contains - case sensitive

• __endswith - case sensitive

• __exact - case sensitive (default)

• __icontains - case insensitive

• __iendswith - case insensitive

• __iexact - case insensitive

• __istartswith - case insensitive

• __startswith - case sensitive

Numeric, Dates:

• __eq - equals

• __gt - greater than

• __gte - greater or equal than

• __lt - less than

• __lte - less or eaquan than

Dates:

• __year

• __month

• __day

• __hour

• __minute

• __second

• __microsecond

• __range - between two dates

• __in - a list of dates

6.1.13. Comparing objects

>>> 
... my == other
... my.id == other.id

>>> 
... my == other
... my.name == other.name

6.1.14. Assignments

# TODO: Create Tests
# doctest: +SKIP_FILE
# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% About
# - Name: Database ORM Import
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 2
# - Minutes: 5

# %% English
# 0. Use `myproject.shop`
# 1. Import data from `PRODUCTS`
# 2. Non-functional requirements:
#    - You may use any Python standard library module
#    - You can use Django with migrations
#    - Do not install any additional packages

# %% Polish
# 0. Użyj `myproject.shop`
# 1. Zaimportuj dane z `PRODUCTS`
# 2. Wymagania niefunkcjonalne:
#    - Możesz użyć dowolnego modułu z biblioteki standardowej
#    - Możesz użyć Django
#    - Nie instaluj ani nie używaj dodatkowych pakietów

# %% Tests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 10), \
'Python 3.10+ required'
"""

# Required for Django to work
import os; os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'
import django; django.setup()


PRODUCTS = [
    {"barcode": "5039271113244", "name": "Alfa", "price": "123.00"},
    {"barcode": "5202038482222", "name": "Bravo", "price": "312.22"},
    {"barcode": "5308443764554", "name": "Charlie", "price": "812.00"},
    {"barcode": "5439667086587", "name": "Delta", "price": "332.18"},
    {"barcode": "5527865721147", "name": "Echo", "price": "114.00"},
    {"barcode": "5535686226512", "name": "Foxtrot", "price": "99.12"},
    {"barcode": "5721668602638", "name": "Golf", "price": "123.00"},
    {"barcode": "5776136485596", "name": "Hotel", "price": "444.40"},
    {"barcode": "5863969679442", "name": "India", "price": "674.21"},
    {"barcode": "5908105406923", "name": "Juliet", "price": "324.00"},
    {"barcode": "5957751061635", "name": "Kilo", "price": "932.20"},
    {"barcode": "6190780033092", "name": "Lima", "price": "128.00"},
    {"barcode": "6512625994397", "name": "Mike", "price": "91.00"},
    {"barcode": "6518235371269", "name": "November", "price": "12.00"},
    {"barcode": "6565923118590", "name": "Oscar", "price": "43.10"},
    {"barcode": "6650630136545", "name": "Papa", "price": "112.00"},
    {"barcode": "6692669560199", "name": "Quebec", "price": "997.10"},
    {"barcode": "6711341590108", "name": "Romeo", "price": "1337.00"},
    {"barcode": "6816011714454", "name": "Sierra", "price": "998.10"},
    {"barcode": "7050114819954", "name": "Tango", "price": "123.00"},
    {"barcode": "7251625012784", "name": "Uniform", "price": "564.99"},
    {"barcode": "7251925199277", "name": "Victor", "price": "990.50"},
    {"barcode": "7283004100423", "name": "Whisky", "price": "881.89"},
    {"barcode": "7309682004683", "name": "X-Ray", "price": "123.63"},
    {"barcode": "7324670042560", "name": "Zulu", "price": "311.00"}
]


from shop.models import Product


# Clean environment before inserting data
Product.objects.all().delete()

# Import data from `PRODUCTS`
# You may use any Python standard library module
# You can use Django with migrations
# Do not install any additional packages
...

# TODO: Create Tests
# doctest: +SKIP_FILE
# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% About
# - Name: Database ORM Import
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 3
# - Minutes: 5

# %% English
# 0. Use `myproject.shop`
# 1. Import data from `CUSTOMERS`
# 2. Non-functional requirements:
#    - You may use any Python standard library module
#    - You can use Django with migrations
#    - Do not install any additional packages

# %% Polish
# 0. Użyj `myproject.shop`
# 1. Zaimportuj dane z `CUSTOMERS`
# 2. Wymagania niefunkcjonalne:
#    - Możesz użyć dowolnego modułu z biblioteki standardowej
#    - Możesz użyć Django
#    - Nie instaluj ani nie używaj dodatkowych pakietów

# %% Tests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 10), \
'Python 3.10+ required'
"""

# Required for Django to work
import os; os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'
import django; django.setup()


CUSTOMERS = [
  {
    "firstname": "Mark",
    "lastname": "Watney",
    "birthdate": "1994-10-12",
    "gender": "male",
    "tax_number": "94101212345",
    "email": "mwatney@nasa.gov",
    "phone": "+1 (234) 555-0000"
  },
  {
    "firstname": "Melissa",
    "lastname": "Lewis",
    "birthdate": "1995-07-15",
    "gender": "female",
    "tax_number": "95071512345",
    "email": "mlewis@nasa.gov",
    "phone": "+1 (234) 555-0001"
  },
  {
    "firstname": "Rick",
    "lastname": "Martinez",
    "birthdate": "1996-01-21",
    "gender": "male",
    "tax_number": "96012112345",
    "email": "rmartinez@nasa.gov",
    "phone": "+1 (234) 555-0010"
  },
  {
    "firstname": "Alex",
    "lastname": "Vogel",
    "birthdate": "1994-11-15",
    "gender": "male",
    "tax_number": "94111512345",
    "email": "avogel@esa.int",
    "phone": "+49 (234) 555-0011"
  },
  {
    "firstname": "Beth",
    "lastname": "Johanssen",
    "birthdate": "2006-05-09",
    "gender": "female",
    "tax_number": "06250912345",
    "email": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov",
    "phone": "+1 (234) 555-0100"
  },
  {
    "firstname": "Chris",
    "lastname": "Beck",
    "birthdate": "1999-08-02",
    "gender": "male",
    "tax_number": "99080212345",
    "email": "cbeck@nasa.gov",
    "phone": "+1 (234) 555-0101"
  }
]

from shop.models import Customer


# Clean environment before inserting data
Customer.objects.all().delete()

# Import data from `CUSTOMERS`
# You may use any Python standard library module
# You can use Django with migrations
# Do not install any additional packages
...

# TODO: Create Tests
# doctest: +SKIP_FILE
# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% About
# - Name: Database ORM Import
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 3
# - Minutes: 5

# %% English
# 0. Use `myproject.shop`
# 1. Import data from `ADDRESSES`
# 2. Non-functional requirements:
#    - You may use any Python standard library module
#    - You can use Django with migrations
#    - Do not install any additional packages

# %% Polish
# 0. Użyj `myproject.shop`
# 1. Zaimportuj dane z `ADDRESSES`
# 2. Wymagania niefunkcjonalne:
#    - Możesz użyć dowolnego modułu z biblioteki standardowej
#    - Możesz użyć Django
#    - Nie instaluj ani nie używaj dodatkowych pakietów

# %% Tests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 10), \
'Python 3.10+ required'
"""

# Required for Django to work
import os; os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'
import django; django.setup()


ADDRESSES = [
  {
    "customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov",
    "type": "billing",
    "street": "2101 E NASA Pkwy",
    "city": "Houston",
    "postcode": "77058",
    "region": "Texas",
    "country": "USA"
  },
  {
    "customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov",
    "type": "shipping",
    "street": "",
    "city": "Kennedy Space Center",
    "postcode": "32899",
    "region": "Florida",
    "country": "USA"
  },
  {
    "customer": "mlewis@nasa.gov",
    "type": "shipping",
    "street": "Kamienica Pod św. Janem Kapistranem",
    "city": "Kraków",
    "postcode": "31008",
    "region": "Małopolskie",
    "country": "Poland"
  },
  {
    "customer": "rmartinez@nasa.gov",
    "type": "billing",
    "street": "",
    "city": "Звёздный городо́к",
    "postcode": "141160",
    "region": "Московская область",
    "country": "Россия"
  },
  {
    "customer": "rmartinez@nasa.gov",
    "type": "shipping",
    "street": "",
    "city": "Космодро́м Байкону́р",
    "postcode": "",
    "region": "Кызылординская область",
    "country": "Қазақстан"
  },
  {
    "customer": "avogel@esa.int",
    "type": "shipping",
    "street": "Linder Hoehe",
    "city": "Cologne",
    "postcode": "51147",
    "region": "North Rhine-Westphalia",
    "country": "Germany"
  },
  {
    "customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov",
    "type": "shipping",
    "street": "2825 E Ave P",
    "city": "Palmdale",
    "postcode": "93550",
    "region": "California",
    "country": "USA"
  },
  {
    "customer": "cbeck@nasa.gov",
    "type": "shipping",
    "street": "4800 Oak Grove Dr",
    "city": "Pasadena",
    "postcode": "91109",
    "region": "California",
    "country": "USA"
  }
]

from shop.models import Customer, Address


# Clean environment before inserting data
Address.objects.all().delete()

# Import data from `ADDRESSES`
# You may use any Python standard library module
# You can use Django with migrations
# Do not install any additional packages
...

# TODO: Create Tests
# doctest: +SKIP_FILE
# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% About
# - Name: Database ORM Import
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 4
# - Minutes: 5

# %% English
# 0. Use `myproject.shop`
# 1. Import data from `ORDERS`
# 2. Non-functional requirements:
#    - You may use any Python standard library module
#    - You can use Django with migrations
#    - Do not install any additional packages

# %% Polish
# 0. Użyj `myproject.shop`
# 1. Zaimportuj dane z `ORDERS`
# 2. Wymagania niefunkcjonalne:
#    - Możesz użyć dowolnego modułu z biblioteki standardowej
#    - Możesz użyć Django
#    - Nie instaluj ani nie używaj dodatkowych pakietów

# %% Tests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 10), \
'Python 3.10+ required'
"""

# Required for Django to work
import os; os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'
import django; django.setup()


ORDERS = [
    {"customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov", "product": "Sierra"},
    {"customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov", "product": "Victor"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Delta"},
    {"customer": "mlewis@nasa.gov", "product": "November"},
    {"customer": "rmartinez@nasa.gov", "product": "Mike"},
    {"customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov", "product": "Bravo"},
    {"customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov", "product": "Kilo"},
    {"customer": "avogel@esa.int", "product": "Victor"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Romeo"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Whisky"},
    {"customer": "cbeck@nasa.gov", "product": "Zulu"},
    {"customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov", "product": "Romeo"},
    {"customer": "avogel@esa.int", "product": "Romeo"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Victor"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Whisky"},
    {"customer": "mlewis@nasa.gov", "product": "Whisky"},
    {"customer": "rmartinez@nasa.gov", "product": "Mike"},
    {"customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov", "product": "November"},
    {"customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov", "product": "Kilo"},
    {"customer": "avogel@esa.int", "product": "Bravo"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "X-Ray"},
    {"customer": "avogel@esa.int", "product": "Romeo"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Victor"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "India"},
    {"customer": "mlewis@nasa.gov", "product": "Juliet"},
    {"customer": "rmartinez@nasa.gov", "product": "Foxtrot"},
    {"customer": "avogel@esa.int", "product": "Victor"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Romeo"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Whisky"},
    {"customer": "cbeck@nasa.gov", "product": "Zulu"},
    {"customer": "mwatney@nasa.gov", "product": "Alfa"},
    {"customer": "avogel@esa.int", "product": "Romeo"},
    {"customer": "bjohanssen@nasa.gov", "product": "Quebec"},
]


from shop.models import Order, Customer, Product


# Clean environment before inserting data
Order.objects.all().delete()

# Import data from `ORDERS`
# You may use any Python standard library module
# You can use Django with migrations
# Do not install any additional packages
...