3.1. Pytest

• Detailed info on failing assert statements (no need to remember self.assert* names);

• Auto-discovery of test modules and functions;

• Modular fixtures for managing small or parametrized long-lived test resources;

• Can run unittest (including trial) and nose test suites out of the box;

• Python 3.5+ and PyPy 3;

• Rich plugin architecture, with over 315+ external plugins and thriving community;

def my_func(number):
    return number + 1

def test():
    assert my_func(3) == 4

3.1.1. Running

python -m pytest my_file.py
python -m pytest -v my_file.py
python -m pytest -v -s my_file.py

3.1.2. Skip

@pytest.mark.skip(reason="no way of currently testing this")
def test_the_unknown():
    ...

def test_function():
    if not valid_config():
        pytest.skip("unsupported configuration")

import sys
import pytest

if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
    pytest.skip("skipping windows-only tests", allow_module_level=True)

3.1.3. Skipif

import sys


@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 6), reason="requires python3.6 or higher")
def test_function():
    ...

• Skip all test functions of a class or module

@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="does not run on windows")
class TestPosixCalls:
    def test_function(self):
        "will not be setup or run under 'win32' platform"

3.1.4. pytest.raises

with raises(ZeroDivisionError):
    1/0

with raises(ValueError, match='must be 0 or None'):
    raise ValueError("value must be 0 or None")

with raises(ValueError, match=r'must be \d+$'):
    raise ValueError("value must be 42")

3.1.5. Fixtures

• Fixtures are requested by test functions or other fixtures by declaring them as argument names.

• It's to think of fixtures as a set of resources that need to be set up before a test starts, and cleaned up after.

• @pytest.fixture(scope='module')

import pytest

@pytest.fixture()
def setUp():
    print('\nsetup')

def test_1_that_needs_setup(setUp):
    print('test_1_that_needs_setup()')

def test_2_that_does_not():
    print('\ntest_2_that_does_not()')

def test_3_that_does(setUp):
    print('test_3_that_does()')

$ python -m pytest -v -s tmp7.py
# ====================================== test session starts ======================================
# platform darwin -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.0 -- /Users/Developer/.venv-3.7.3/bin/python
# cachedir: .pytest_cache
# rootdir: /Users/Developer/book-python
# collected 3 items
#
# tmp7.py::test_1_that_needs_setup
# setup
# test_1_that_needs_setup()
# PASSED
# tmp7.py::test_2_that_does_not
# test_2_that_does_not()
# PASSED
# tmp7.py::test_3_that_does
# setup
# test_3_that_does()
# PASSED
#
# ======================================= 3 passed in 0.01s =======================================