4.4. Locale Encoding

• utf-8 - a.k.a. Unicode - international standard (should be always used!)

• iso-8859-1 - ISO standard for Western Europe and USA

• iso-8859-2 - ISO standard for Central Europe (including Poland)

• cp1250 or windows-1250 - Central European encoding on Windows

• cp1251 or windows-1251 - Eastern European encoding on Windows

• cp1252 or windows-1252 - Western European encoding on Windows

• ASCII - ASCII characters only

• Since Windows 10 version 1903, UTF-8 is default encoding for Notepad!

Encodings:

• https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/encodings/iso8859_2.py

• https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/encodings/cp1250.py

• https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/encodings/utf_8.py

4.4.1. SetUp

>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> Path('/tmp/myfile.txt').unlink(missing_ok=True)

4.4.2. ASCII Table

• Standard (0–127)

• Extended (128–255)

• Standard ASCII is the same everywhere

• Extended ASCII is Operating System dependent

Figure 4.32. ASCII table [4]

Figure 4.33. ASCII table extended [4]

Figure 4.34. Source: [9]

4.4.3. Unicode

Figure 4.35. Unicode [5]

Figure 4.36. Unicode [6]

Figure 4.37. Unicode Polish Chars [10]

4.4.4. Windows Encoding

Figure 4.38. Windows 2000 Notepad "Save As" window with possibility to select encoding. UTF-8 is not selected by default... [1]

Figure 4.39. Windows 10 Notepad "Save As" window with possibility to select encoding.

Since Windows 10.1903 (May 2019) notepad writes files in UTF-8 by default! [2] [3]

Figure 4.40. Windows 10 Notepad "Save As" window with possibility to select encoding. Since Windows 10.1903 (May 2019) notepad writes files in UTF-8 by default!

Figure 4.41. Windows 10 Notepad "Save As" window with possibility to select encoding. Since Windows 10.1903 (May 2019) notepad writes files in UTF-8 by default!

4.4.5. Str vs Bytes

• That was a big change in Python 3

• In Python 2, str was bytes

• In Python 3, str is unicode (UTF-8)

>>> text = 'Księżyc'
>>> text
'Księżyc'

>>> text = b'Księżyc'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters

Default encoding is UTF-8. Encoding names are case insensitive. cp1250 and windows-1250 are aliases the same codec:

>>> text = 'Księżyc'
>>>
>>> text.encode()
b'Ksi\xc4\x99\xc5\xbcyc'
>>> text.encode('utf-8')
b'Ksi\xc4\x99\xc5\xbcyc'
>>> text.encode('iso-8859-2')
b'Ksi\xea\xbfyc'
>>> text.encode('cp1250')
b'Ksi\xea\xbfyc'
>>> text.encode('windows-1250')
b'Ksi\xea\xbfyc'

Note the length change while encoding:

>>> text = 'Księżyc'
>>> text
'Księżyc'
>>> len(text)
7

>>> text = 'Księżyc'.encode()
>>> text
b'Ksi\xc4\x99\xc5\xbcyc'
>>> len(text)
9

Note also, that those characters produce longer output:

>>> 'ó'.encode()
b'\xc3\xb3'

But despite being several "characters" long, the length is different:

>>> len(b'\xc3\xb3')
2

Here's the output of all Polish diacritics (accented characters) with their encoding:

>>> 'ą'.encode()
b'\xc4\x85'
>>> 'ć'.encode()
b'\xc4\x87'
>>> 'ę'.encode()
b'\xc4\x99'
>>> 'ł'.encode()
b'\xc5\x82'
>>> 'ń'.encode()
b'\xc5\x84'
>>> 'ó'.encode()
b'\xc3\xb3'
>>> 'ś'.encode()
b'\xc5\x9b'
>>> 'ż'.encode()
b'\xc5\xbc'
>>> 'ź'.encode()
b'\xc5\xba'

Note also a different way of iterating over bytes:

>>> text = 'Księżyc'
>>>
>>> for character in text:
...     print(character)
K
s
i
ę
ż
y
c
>>>
>>> for character in text.encode():
...     print(character)
75
115
105
196
153
197
188
121
99

4.4.6. UTF-8

>>> FILE = r'/tmp/myfile.txt'
>>>
>>> with open(FILE, mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
...     file.write('José Jiménez')
12
>>>
>>> with open(FILE, encoding='utf-8') as file:
...     print(file.read())
José Jiménez

Figure 4.42. UTF-8. Source: [7]

Figure 4.43. UTF-8. Source: [8]

4.4.7. Unicode Encode Error

>>> FILE = r'/tmp/myfile.txt'
>>>
>>> with open(FILE, mode='w', encoding='cp1250') as file:
...     file.write('José Jiménez')
12

4.4.8. Unicode Decode Error

>>> FILE = r'/tmp/myfile.txt'
>>>
>>> with open(FILE, mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
...     file.write('José Jiménez')
12
>>>
>>> with open(FILE, encoding='cp1250') as file:
...     print(file.read())
José Jiménez

4.4.9. Escape Characters

• \r\n - is used on windows

• \n - is used everywhere else

• More information in Builtin Printing

• Learn more at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters

Figure 4.44. Why we have '\r\n' on Windows?

Figure 4.45. Source: [#typewriter]_

Frequently used escape characters:

• \n - New line (ENTER)

• \t - Horizontal Tab (TAB)

• \' - Single quote ' (escape in single quoted strings)

• \" - Double quote " (escape in double quoted strings)

• \\ - Backslash \ (to indicate, that this is not escape char)

Less frequently used escape characters:

• \a - Bell (BEL)

• \b - Backspace (BS)

• \f - New page (FF - Form Feed)

• \v - Vertical Tab (VT)

• \uF680 - Character with 16-bit (2 bytes) hex value F680

• \U0001F680 - Character with 32-bit (4 bytes) hex value 0001F680

• \o755 - ASCII character with octal value 755

• \x1F680 - ASCII character with hex value 1F680

Emoticons:

>>> print('\U0001F680')
🚀

>>> a = '\U0001F9D1'  # 🧑
>>> b = '\U0000200D'  # ''
>>> c = '\U0001F680'  # 🚀
>>>
>>> astronaut = a + b + c
>>> print(astronaut)
🧑‍🚀

4.4.10. Encoding

Table 4.23. Encoding

dec	hex	oct	utf-8	iso-8859-2	cp-1250	name
0	0x0	0o0	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL
1	0x1	0o1				SOH
2	0x2	0o2				STX
3	0x3	0o3				ETX
4	0x4	0o4				EOT
5	0x5	0o5				ENQ
6	0x6	0o6				ACK
7	0x7	0o7				BEL
8	0x8	0o10				BS
9	0x9	0o11	t	t	t	TAB
10	0xa	0o12	n	n	n	LF
11	0xb	0o13
	VT
12	0xc	0o14
	FF
13	0xd	0o15	r	r	r	CR
14	0xe	0o16				SO
15	0xf	0o17				SI
16	0x10	0o20				DLE
17	0x11	0o21				DC1
18	0x12	0o22				DC2
19	0x13	0o23				DC3
20	0x14	0o24				DC4
21	0x15	0o25				NAK
22	0x16	0o26				SYN
23	0x17	0o27				ETB
24	0x18	0o30				CAN
25	0x19	0o31				EM
26	0x1a	0o32				SUB
27	0x1b	0o33				ESC
28	0x1c	0o34
	FS
29	0x1d	0o35
	GS
30	0x1e	0o36
	RS
31	0x1f	0o37				US
32	0x20	0o40				SPACE
33	0x21	0o41	!	!	!	EXCLAMATION MARK
34	0x22	0o42	"	"	"	QUOTATION MARK
35	0x23	0o43	#	#	#	NUMBER SIGN
36	0x24	0o44	$	$	$	DOLLAR SIGN
37	0x25	0o45	%	%	%	PERCENT SIGN
38	0x26	0o46	&	&	&	AMPERSAND
39	0x27	0o47	'	'	'	APOSTROPHE
40	0x28	0o50	(	(	(	LEFT PARENTHESIS
41	0x29	0o51	)	)	)	RIGHT PARENTHESIS
42	0x2a	0o52				ASTERISK
43	0x2b	0o53				PLUS SIGN
44	0x2c	0o54	,	,	,	COMMA
45	0x2d	0o55				HYPHEN-MINUS
46	0x2e	0o56	.	.	.	FULL STOP
47	0x2f	0o57	/	/	/	SOLIDUS
48	0x30	0o60	0	0	0	DIGIT ZERO
49	0x31	0o61	1	1	1	DIGIT ONE
50	0x32	0o62	2	2	2	DIGIT TWO
51	0x33	0o63	3	3	3	DIGIT THREE
52	0x34	0o64	4	4	4	DIGIT FOUR
53	0x35	0o65	5	5	5	DIGIT FIVE
54	0x36	0o66	6	6	6	DIGIT SIX
55	0x37	0o67	7	7	7	DIGIT SEVEN
56	0x38	0o70	8	8	8	DIGIT EIGHT
57	0x39	0o71	9	9	9	DIGIT NINE
58	0x3a	0o72	:	:	:	COLON
59	0x3b	0o73	;	;	;	SEMICOLON
60	0x3c	0o74	<	<	<	LESS-THAN SIGN
61	0x3d	0o75	=	=	=	EQUALS SIGN
62	0x3e	0o76	>	>	>	GREATER-THAN SIGN
63	0x3f	0o77	?	?	?	QUESTION MARK
64	0x40	0o100	@	@	@	COMMERCIAL AT
65	0x41	0o101	A	A	A	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
66	0x42	0o102	B	B	B	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B
67	0x43	0o103	C	C	C	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
68	0x44	0o104	D	D	D	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
69	0x45	0o105	E	E	E	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E
70	0x46	0o106	F	F	F	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F
71	0x47	0o107	G	G	G	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G
72	0x48	0o110	H	H	H	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H
73	0x49	0o111	I	I	I	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
74	0x4a	0o112	J	J	J	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J
75	0x4b	0o113	K	K	K	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K
76	0x4c	0o114	L	L	L	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L
77	0x4d	0o115	M	M	M	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
78	0x4e	0o116	N	N	N	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N
79	0x4f	0o117	O	O	O	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O
80	0x50	0o120	P	P	P	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P
81	0x51	0o121	Q	Q	Q	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q
82	0x52	0o122	R	R	R	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
83	0x53	0o123	S	S	S	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
84	0x54	0o124	T	T	T	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T
85	0x55	0o125	U	U	U	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U
86	0x56	0o126	V	V	V	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V
87	0x57	0o127	W	W	W	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W
88	0x58	0o130	X	X	X	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
89	0x59	0o131	Y	Y	Y	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y
90	0x5a	0o132	Z	Z	Z	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z
91	0x5b	0o133	[	[	[	LEFT SQUARE BRACKET
92	0x5c	0o134				REVERSE SOLIDUS
93	0x5d	0o135	]	]	]	RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET
94	0x5e	0o136	^	^	^	CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
95	0x5f	0o137	_	_	_	LOW LINE
96	0x60	0o140	`	`	`	GRAVE ACCENT
97	0x61	0o141	a	a	a	LATIN SMALL LETTER A
98	0x62	0o142	b	b	b	LATIN SMALL LETTER B
99	0x63	0o143	c	c	c	LATIN SMALL LETTER C
100	0x64	0o144	d	d	d	LATIN SMALL LETTER D
101	0x65	0o145	e	e	e	LATIN SMALL LETTER E
102	0x66	0o146	f	f	f	LATIN SMALL LETTER F
103	0x67	0o147	g	g	g	LATIN SMALL LETTER G
104	0x68	0o150	h	h	h	LATIN SMALL LETTER H
105	0x69	0o151	i	i	i	LATIN SMALL LETTER I
106	0x6a	0o152	j	j	j	LATIN SMALL LETTER J
107	0x6b	0o153	k	k	k	LATIN SMALL LETTER K
108	0x6c	0o154	l	l	l	LATIN SMALL LETTER L
109	0x6d	0o155	m	m	m	LATIN SMALL LETTER M
110	0x6e	0o156	n	n	n	LATIN SMALL LETTER N
111	0x6f	0o157	o	o	o	LATIN SMALL LETTER O
112	0x70	0o160	p	p	p	LATIN SMALL LETTER P
113	0x71	0o161	q	q	q	LATIN SMALL LETTER Q
114	0x72	0o162	r	r	r	LATIN SMALL LETTER R
115	0x73	0o163	s	s	s	LATIN SMALL LETTER S
116	0x74	0o164	t	t	t	LATIN SMALL LETTER T
117	0x75	0o165	u	u	u	LATIN SMALL LETTER U
118	0x76	0o166	v	v	v	LATIN SMALL LETTER V
119	0x77	0o167	w	w	w	LATIN SMALL LETTER W
120	0x78	0o170	x	x	x	LATIN SMALL LETTER X
121	0x79	0o171	y	y	y	LATIN SMALL LETTER Y
122	0x7a	0o172	z	z	z	LATIN SMALL LETTER Z
123	0x7b	0o173	{	{	{	LEFT CURLY BRACKET
124	0x7c	0o174				VERTICAL LINE
125	0x7d	0o175	}	}	}	RIGHT CURLY BRACKET
126	0x7e	0o176	~	~	~	TILDE
127	0x7f	0o177				DEL
128	0x80	0o200	€	€	€
129	0x81	0o201			￾
130	0x82	0o202	‚	‚	‚
131	0x83	0o203	ƒ	ƒ	￾
132	0x84	0o204	„	„	„
133	0x85	0o205
	…
134	0x86	0o206	†	†	†
135	0x87	0o207	‡	‡	‡
136	0x88	0o210	ˆ	ˆ	￾
137	0x89	0o211	‰	‰	‰
138	0x8a	0o212	Š	Š	Š
139	0x8b	0o213	‹	‹	‹
140	0x8c	0o214	Œ	Œ	Ś
141	0x8d	0o215			Ť
142	0x8e	0o216	Ž	Ž	Ž
143	0x8f	0o217			Ź
144	0x90	0o220			￾
145	0x91	0o221	‘	‘	‘
146	0x92	0o222	’	’	’
147	0x93	0o223	“	“	“
148	0x94	0o224	”	”	”
149	0x95	0o225	•	•
150	0x96	0o226	–	–	–
151	0x97	0o227	—	—	—
152	0x98	0o230	˜	˜	￾
153	0x99	0o231	™	™	™
154	0x9a	0o232	š	š	š
155	0x9b	0o233	›	›	›
156	0x9c	0o234	œ	œ	ś
157	0x9d	0o235			ť
158	0x9e	0o236	ž	ž	ž
159	0x9f	0o237	Ÿ	Ÿ	ź
160	0xa0	0o240				NO-BREAK SPACE
161	0xa1	0o241	¡	Ą	ˇ	INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK
162	0xa2	0o242	¢	˘	˘	CENT SIGN
163	0xa3	0o243	£	Ł	Ł	POUND SIGN
164	0xa4	0o244	¤	¤	¤	CURRENCY SIGN
165	0xa5	0o245	¥	Ľ	Ą	YEN SIGN
166	0xa6	0o246	¦	Ś	¦	BROKEN BAR
167	0xa7	0o247	§	§	§	SECTION SIGN
168	0xa8	0o250	¨	¨	¨	DIAERESIS
169	0xa9	0o251	©	Š	©	COPYRIGHT SIGN
170	0xaa	0o252	ª	Ş	Ş	FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR
171	0xab	0o253	«	Ť	«	LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
172	0xac	0o254	¬	Ź	¬	NOT SIGN
173	0xad	0o255	­	­	­	SOFT HYPHEN
174	0xae	0o256	®	Ž	®	REGISTERED SIGN
175	0xaf	0o257	¯	Ż	Ż	MACRON
176	0xb0	0o260	°	°	°	DEGREE SIGN
177	0xb1	0o261	±	ą	±	PLUS-MINUS SIGN
178	0xb2	0o262	²	˛	˛	SUPERSCRIPT TWO
179	0xb3	0o263	³	ł	ł	SUPERSCRIPT THREE
180	0xb4	0o264	´	´	´	ACUTE ACCENT
181	0xb5	0o265	µ	ľ	µ	MICRO SIGN
182	0xb6	0o266	¶	ś	¶	PILCROW SIGN
183	0xb7	0o267	·	ˇ	·	MIDDLE DOT
184	0xb8	0o270	¸	¸	¸	CEDILLA
185	0xb9	0o271	¹	š	ą	SUPERSCRIPT ONE
186	0xba	0o272	º	ş	ş	MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR
187	0xbb	0o273	»	ť	»	RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
188	0xbc	0o274	¼	ź	Ľ	VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER
189	0xbd	0o275	½	˝	˝	VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF
190	0xbe	0o276	¾	ž	ľ	VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
191	0xbf	0o277	¿	ż	ż	INVERTED QUESTION MARK
192	0xc0	0o300	À	Ŕ	Ŕ	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
193	0xc1	0o301	Á	Á	Á	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
194	0xc2	0o302	Â	Â	Â	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
195	0xc3	0o303	Ã	Ă	Ă	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE
196	0xc4	0o304	Ä	Ä	Ä	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
197	0xc5	0o305	Å	Ĺ	Ĺ	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
198	0xc6	0o306	Æ	Ć	Ć	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE
199	0xc7	0o307	Ç	Ç	Ç	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
200	0xc8	0o310	È	Č	Č	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
201	0xc9	0o311	É	É	É	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
202	0xca	0o312	Ê	Ę	Ę	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
203	0xcb	0o313	Ë	Ë	Ë	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
204	0xcc	0o314	Ì	Ě	Ě	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
205	0xcd	0o315	Í	Í	Í	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
206	0xce	0o316	Î	Î	Î	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
207	0xcf	0o317	Ï	Ď	Ď	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
208	0xd0	0o320	Ð	Đ	Đ	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH
209	0xd1	0o321	Ñ	Ń	Ń	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE
210	0xd2	0o322	Ò	Ň	Ň	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE
211	0xd3	0o323	Ó	Ó	Ó	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
212	0xd4	0o324	Ô	Ô	Ô	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
213	0xd5	0o325	Õ	Ő	Ő	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE
214	0xd6	0o326	Ö	Ö	Ö	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
215	0xd7	0o327	×	×	×	MULTIPLICATION SIGN
216	0xd8	0o330	Ø	Ř	Ř	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE
217	0xd9	0o331	Ù	Ů	Ů	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
218	0xda	0o332	Ú	Ú	Ú	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
219	0xdb	0o333	Û	Ű	Ű	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
220	0xdc	0o334	Ü	Ü	Ü	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
221	0xdd	0o335	Ý	Ý	Ý	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
222	0xde	0o336	Þ	Ţ	Ţ	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN
223	0xdf	0o337	ß	ß	ß	LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
224	0xe0	0o340	à	ŕ	ŕ	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
225	0xe1	0o341	á	á	á	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
226	0xe2	0o342	â	â	â	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
227	0xe3	0o343	ã	ă	ă	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE
228	0xe4	0o344	ä	ä	ä	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
229	0xe5	0o345	å	ĺ	ĺ	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
230	0xe6	0o346	æ	ć	ć	LATIN SMALL LETTER AE
231	0xe7	0o347	ç	ç	ç	LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
232	0xe8	0o350	è	č	č	LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
233	0xe9	0o351	é	é	é	LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
234	0xea	0o352	ê	ę	ę	LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
235	0xeb	0o353	ë	ë	ë	LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
236	0xec	0o354	ì	ě	ě	LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
237	0xed	0o355	í	í	í	LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
238	0xee	0o356	î	î	î	LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
239	0xef	0o357	ï	ď	ď	LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
240	0xf0	0o360	ð	đ	đ	LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH
241	0xf1	0o361	ñ	ń	ń	LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE
242	0xf2	0o362	ò	ň	ň	LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE
243	0xf3	0o363	ó	ó	ó	LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
244	0xf4	0o364	ô	ô	ô	LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
245	0xf5	0o365	õ	ő	ő	LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE
246	0xf6	0o366	ö	ö	ö	LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
247	0xf7	0o367	÷	÷	÷	DIVISION SIGN
248	0xf8	0o370	ø	ř	ř	LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE
249	0xf9	0o371	ù	ů	ů	LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
250	0xfa	0o372	ú	ú	ú	LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
251	0xfb	0o373	û	ű	ű	LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
252	0xfc	0o374	ü	ü	ü	LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
253	0xfd	0o375	ý	ý	ý	LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
254	0xfe	0o376	þ	ţ	ţ	LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN

4.4.11. Further Reading

• https://youtu.be/MijmeoH9LT4

4.4.12. References

[1]

redhotwords.com. Windows 2000 Notepad. http://redhotwords.com/assets/Uninotepadunicode.png

[2]

digitalcitizen.life. Windows 10 Notepad. https://www.digitalcitizen.life/sites/default/files/gdrive/windows_notepad/notepad_10.png

[3]

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/whats-new/whats-new-windows-10-version-1903

[4] (1,2)

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/c/9781482214512/K21756_A002.xhtml

[5]

http://www.gammon.com.au/unicode/gbk.svg.png

[6]

http://cdn.ilovefreesoftware.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/unicode-Character-list-1.png

[7]

https://camo.githubusercontent.com/7806142e30089cac76da9fe9fb1c5bbd0521cde6/68747470733a2f2f692e696d6775722e636f6d2f7a414d74436a622e706e67

[8]

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/12/e2/37/12e237271c063313762fcafa1cf58e39--web-development-tools.jpg

[9]

https://www.keepandshare.com/userpics/r/o/b/e/rt/2019-12/sb/screen_shot_2019_12_01_at_3.26.20_pm-34867850.jpg?ts=1575242835

[10]

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