2.1. Namespace¶

Functions and Classes can be namespaces
Functions can be nested in functions
Functions can be nested in classes
Classes can be nested in functions
The same for methods

2.1.1. Example¶

class MyClass:
    class MyNestedClass:
        ...

def myfunction():
    class MyNestedClass:
        ...

class MyClass:
    def mymethod(self):
        def myfunction():
            ...

2.1.2. Inner Functions¶

def run():
    firstname = 'Mark'
    lastname = 'Watney'

def run():
    firstname = 'Mark'
    lastname = 'Watney'

    def hello():
        print(firstname, lastname)

def run():
    firstname = 'Mark'
    lastname = 'Watney'

    def hello():
        print(firstname, lastname)

    class Astronaut:
        pass

def run():
    firstname = 'Mark'
    lastname = 'Watney'

    def hello():
        print(firstname, lastname)

    class Astronaut:
        firstname = 'Mark'
        lastname = 'Watney'

        def hello(self):
            print(self.firstname, self.lastname)

2.1.3. Inner Classes¶

class User:
    def __init__(self, firstname, lastname):
        self.firstname = firstname
        self.lastname = lastname

    def login(self):
        if not in DATABASE:
            raise self.DoesNotExist

    class DoesNotExist(Exception):
        pass


try:
    user = User('Mark', 'Watney')
    user.login()
except User.DoesNotExists:
    print('User does not exist')

class Person(models.Model):
    firstname = ...
    lastname = ...

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['lastname']