3.1. Star Assignment

  • a, b, *c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  • Used when there is arbitrary number of values to unpack

  • Could be used from start, middle, end

  • There can't be multiple star expressions in one assignment statement

  • _ is regular variable name, not a special Python syntax

  • _ by convention is used for data we don't want to access in future

../../_images/unpack-assignment%2Cargs%2Cparams.png

3.1.1. Recap

  • a = 1 - int

  • a = 1, 2 - tuple

  • a, b = 1, 2 - multiple assignment

  • a, b, c = 1, 2, 3 - multiple assignment

3.1.2. Example

✘
def get_user_details(username):
    return 'Mark', 'Watney', 'mwatney@nasa.gov', 'mwatney@gmail.com'
✘
firstname, lastname, *email = get_user_details('mwatney')

firstname
'Mark'

lastname
'Watney'

email
['mwatney@nasa.gov', 'mwatney@gmail.com']

3.1.3. Arbitrary Number of Arguments

  • Unpack values at the right side

  • Unpack values at the left side

  • Unpack values from both sides at once

  • Unpack from variable length

Unpack values at the right side:

✘
a, b, *c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(f'{a=}, {b=}, {c=}')
a=1, b=2, c=[3, 4, 5]

Unpack values at the left side:

✘
*a, b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(f'{a=}, {b=}, {c=}')
a=[1, 2, 3], b=4, c=5

Unpack values from both sides at once:

✘
a, *b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(f'{a=}, {b=}, {c=}')
a=1, b=[2, 3, 4], c=5

Unpack from variable length:

✘
a, *b, c = [1, 2]

print(f'{a=}, {b=}, {c=}')
a=1, b=[], c=2

3.1.4. Errors

  • Cannot unpack from both sides at once

  • Unpack requires values for required arguments

Cannot unpack from both sides at once:

✘
*a, b, *c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: multiple starred expressions in assignment

Unpack requires values for required arguments:

✘
a, *b, c = [1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected at least 2, got 1)

3.1.5. Skipping Values

  • _ is used to skip values

  • It is a regular variable name, not a special Python syntax

  • By convention it is used for data we don't want to access in future

  • It can be used multiple times in the same statement

✘
line = 'Mark,Watney,mwatney@nasa.gov,mwatney@gmail.com'
firstname, lastname, *_ = line.split(',')

print(f'{firstname=}, {lastname=}')
firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney'
✘
line = 'watney:x:1000:1000:Mark Watney:/home/watney:/bin/bash'
username, _, uid, *_ = line.split(':')

print(f'{username=}, {uid=}')
username='watney', uid='1000'

3.1.6. For Loop Unpacking

  • Use star expression to unpack values in for loop

✘
DATA = [
    (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
    (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
]
✘
for row in DATA:
    values = row[0:4]
    species = row[-1]
    print(f'{values=}, {species=}')

values=(5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9), species='virginica'
values=(5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2), species='setosa'
values=(5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3), species='versicolor'
✘
for row in DATA:
    *values, species = row
    print(f'{values=}, {species=}')

values=[5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9], species='virginica'
values=[5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2], species='setosa'
values=[5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3], species='versicolor'
✘
for *values, species in DATA:
    print(f'{values=}, {species=}')

values=[5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9], species='virginica'
values=[5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2], species='setosa'
values=[5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3], species='versicolor'

3.1.7. Multi Dimensional

  • Unpack values from multi-dimensional data

✘
from pprint import pprint
✘
DATA = [
    ('sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species'),
    (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
    (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
]
✘
header = DATA[0]
rows = DATA[1:]

pprint(header)
('sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species')

pprint(rows)
[(5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
 (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
 (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor')]
✘
header, *rows = DATA

pprint(header)
('sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species')

pprint(rows)
[(5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
 (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
 (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor')]

3.1.8. Case Study

# avg=3.4, species='virginica'

DATA = [
    ('sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species'),
    (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
    (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
    (6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8, 'virginica'),
    (6.4, 3.2, 4.5, 1.5, 'versicolor'),
    (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
    (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica'),
    (4.6, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2, 'setosa'),
]

header, *rows = DATA
# header = DATA[0]
# rows = DATA[1:]

# avg=3.4, species='virginica'

DATA = [
    ('sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species'),
    (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
    (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
    (6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8, 'virginica'),
    (6.4, 3.2, 4.5, 1.5, 'versicolor'),
    (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
    (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica'),
    (4.6, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2, 'setosa'),
]

header, *rows = DATA

for row in rows:
    values = row[:-1]
    species = row[-1]
    avg = sum(values) / len(values)
    print(f'{avg=:.1f}, {species=}')

# avg=3.4, species='virginica'

DATA = [
    ('sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species'),
    (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
    (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
    (6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8, 'virginica'),
    (6.4, 3.2, 4.5, 1.5, 'versicolor'),
    (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
    (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica'),
    (4.6, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2, 'setosa'),
]

header, *rows = DATA

for row in rows:
    *values, species = row
    avg = sum(values) / len(values)
    print(f'{avg=:.1f}, {species=}')

# avg=3.4, species='virginica'

DATA = [
    ('sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length', 'petal_width', 'species'),
    (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
    (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
    (6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8, 'virginica'),
    (6.4, 3.2, 4.5, 1.5, 'versicolor'),
    (4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4, 'versicolor'),
    (7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1, 'virginica'),
    (4.6, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2, 'setosa'),
]

header, *rows = DATA

for *values, species in rows:
    avg = sum(values) / len(values)
    print(f'{avg=:.1f}, {species=}')

3.1.9. Use Case - 1

✘
a, b, c = range(0, 3)
a, b, c, d, e = range(0, 5)
a, b, *c = range(0, 10)

3.1.10. Use Case - 1

✘
line = 'ares3,watney,lewis,vogel,johanssen'
mission, *crew = line.split(',')

print(f'{mission=}, {crew=}')
mission='ares3', crew=['watney', 'lewis', 'vogel', 'johanssen']

3.1.11. Use Case - 2

✘
first, *middle, last = [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(f'{first=}, {middle=}, {last=}')
first=1, middle=[2, 3], last=4
✘
first, second, *others = [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(f'{first=}, {second=}, {others=}')
first=1, second=2, others=[3, 4]

3.1.12. Use Case - 3

✘
first, second, *others = range(0,10)

print(f'{first=}, {second=}, {others=}')
first=0, second=1, others=[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
✘
first, second, *_ = range(0,10)

print(f'{first=}, {second=}')
first=0, second=1

3.1.13. Use Case - 4

  • Python Version

✘
import sys


major, minor, *_ = sys.version_info

print(major, minor, sep='.')
3.13

3.1.14. Use Case - 5

  • Iris 1D

✘
*values, species = (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica')

print(f'{values=}, {species=}')
values=[5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9], species='virginica'

3.1.15. Use Case - 6

✘
*values, species = (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica')
avg = sum(values) / len(values)

print(f'{avg=:.2f}, {species=}')
avg=3.88, species='virginica'

3.1.16. Use Case - 7

✘
line = '1969-07-21, 02:56:15, WARNING, Neil Armstrong first words on the Moon'
d, t, lvl, *msg = line.split(', ')

d
'1969-07-21'
t
'02:56:15'
lvl
'WARNING'
msg
['Neil Armstrong first words on the Moon']

3.1.17. Use Case - 8

✘
line = 'watney:x:1000:1000:Mark Watney:/home/watney:/bin/bash'
username, password, uid, *others = line.split(':')

username
'watney'
password
'x'
uid
'1000'
others
['1000', 'Mark Watney', '/home/watney', '/bin/bash']

3.1.18. Use Case - 9

✘
line = 'watney:x:1000:1000:Mark Watney:/home/watney:/bin/bash'
username, _, uid, *_ = line.split(':')

username
'watney'
uid
'1000'

3.1.19. Use Case - 10

✘
line = '4.9,3.1,1.5,0.1,setosa'
*values, species = line.split(',')
values
['4.9', '3.1', '1.5', '0.1']
species
'setosa'

3.1.20. Use Case - 11

✘
data = (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica')
*values, species = data
values
[5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9]
species
'virginica'

3.1.21. Use Case - 12

  • Iris 2D

✘
DATA = [
    (5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9, 'virginica'),
    (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa'),
    (5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3, 'versicolor'),
]


for *values, species in DATA:
    avg = sum(values) / len(values)
    print(f'{avg=:.2f} {species=}')
avg=3.88 species='virginica'
avg=2.55 species='setosa'
avg=3.48 species='versicolor'

3.1.22. Assignments

# %% About
# - Name: Star Assignment List
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 1
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Use star expression to separate IP address from hosts
# 2. Define variable `ip` with IP address
# 3. Define variable `hosts` with list of hosts
# 4. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Użyj wyrażenia z gwiazdką do odseparowania adresu ip od hostów
# 2. Zdefiniuj zmienną `ip` z adresem ip
# 3. Zdefiniuj zmienną `hosts` z listą hostów
# 4. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> assert ip is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign your result to variable `ip`'
>>> assert hosts is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign your result to variable: `hosts`'
>>> assert type(ip) is str, \
'Variable `ip` has invalid type, should be str'
>>> assert type(hosts) is list, \
'Variable `hosts` has invalid type, should be list'
>>> assert all(type(x) is str for x in hosts), \
'All rows in `hosts` should be str'
>>> assert '' not in hosts, \
'Do not pass any arguments to str.split() method'

>>> ip
'127.0.0.1'

>>> hosts
['example.com', 'example.net', 'example.org']
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
ip: str
hosts: list[str]

# %% Data
DATA = ['127.0.0.1', 'example.com', 'example.net', 'example.org']

# %% Result


# %% About
# - Name: Star Assignment Func
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 1
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 0. Mind, this assignment is very similar to the previous one,
#    but input data (`DATA`) is a bit different
# 1. Use star expression to separate IP address from hosts
# 2. Define variable `ip` with IP address
# 3. Define variable `hosts` with list of hosts
# 4. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 0. Zwróć uwagę, że to zadanie jest bardzo podobne do poprzedniego,
#    ale dane wejściowe (`DATA`) są trochę inne
# 1. Użyj wyrażenia z gwiazdką do odseparowania adresu ip od hostów
# 2. Zdefiniuj zmienną `ip` z adresem ip
# 3. Zdefiniuj zmienną `hosts` z listą hostów
# 4. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Hints
# - `str.split()`

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> assert ip is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign your result to variable `ip`'
>>> assert hosts is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign your result to variable: `hosts`'
>>> assert type(ip) is str, \
'Variable `ip` has invalid type, should be str'
>>> assert type(hosts) is list, \
'Variable `hosts` has invalid type, should be list'
>>> assert all(type(x) is str for x in hosts), \
'All rows in `hosts` should be str'
>>> assert '' not in hosts, \
'Do not pass any arguments to str.split() method'

>>> ip
'127.0.0.1'

>>> hosts
['example.com', 'example.net', 'example.org']
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
ip: str
hosts: list[str]

# %% Data
DATA = '127.0.0.1   example.com example.net example.org'

# %% Result


# %% About
# - Name: Star Assignment Nested
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 1
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Use star expression to separate values from species name
# 2. Define variable `values` with numerical values
# 3. Define variable `species` with species name
# 4. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Użyj wyrażenia z gwiazdką do odseparowania wartości od nazwy gatunku
# 2. Zdefiniuj zmienną `values` z numerycznymi wartościami
# 3. Zdefiniuj zmienną `species` z nazwą gatunku
# 4. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> assert values is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign result to variable: `values`'
>>> assert species is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign result to variable: `species`'
>>> assert len(values) > 0, \
'Variable `values` cannot be empty'
>>> assert len(species) > 0, \
'Variable `species` cannot be empty'
>>> assert type(values) is list, \
'Variable `values` has invalid type, should be list'
>>> assert type(species) is str, \
'Variable `species` has invalid type, should be str'
>>> assert all(type(x) is float for x in values), \
'All rows in `values` should be float'

>>> values
[5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2]

>>> species
'setosa'
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
values: list[float]
species: str

# %% Data
DATA = (5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'setosa')

# %% Result


# %% About
# - Name: Star Assignment Nested
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 1
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Use star expression to separate header from rows
# 2. Define variable `header` with header (first row)
# 3. Define variable `rows` with all the other rows
# 4. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Użyj wyrażenia z gwiazdką do odseparowania nagłówka od wierszy
# 2. Zdefiniuj zmienną `header` z nagłówkiem (pierwszy wiersz)
# 3. Zdefiniuj zmienną `rows` z pozostałymi wierszami
# 4. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> assert header is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign result to variable: `header`'
>>> assert rows is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign result to variable: `rows`'
>>> assert len(header) > 0, \
'Variable `header` cannot be empty'
>>> assert len(rows) > 0, \
'Variable `rows` cannot be empty'
>>> assert type(header) is tuple, \
'Variable `header` has invalid type, should be tuple'
>>> assert type(rows) is list, \
'Variable `hosts` has invalid type, should be list'
>>> assert all(type(x) is str for x in header), \
'All rows in `header` should be str'
>>> assert all(type(x) is tuple for x in rows), \
'All rows in `rows` should be tuple'

>>> header
('firstname', 'lastname', 'email')

>>> rows  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
[('Alice', 'Apricot', 'alice@example.com'),
 ('Bob', 'Banana', 'bob@example.com'),
 ('Carol', 'Corn', 'carol@example.com'),
 ('Dave', 'Durian', 'dave@example.org'),
 ('Eve', 'Elderberry', 'eve@example.org'),
 ('Mallory', 'Melon', 'mallory@example.net')]
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
header: tuple[str, str, str]
rows: list[tuple[str, str, str]]

# %% Data
DATA = [
    ('firstname', 'lastname', 'email'),
    ('Alice', 'Apricot', 'alice@example.com'),
    ('Bob', 'Banana', 'bob@example.com'),
    ('Carol', 'Corn', 'carol@example.com'),
    ('Dave', 'Durian', 'dave@example.org'),
    ('Eve', 'Elderberry', 'eve@example.org'),
    ('Mallory', 'Melon', 'mallory@example.net'),
]

# %% Result


# %% About
# - Name: Star Assignment Loop
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 4
# - Minutes: 5

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Define `result: list[str]` with all email addresses having domain name in `DOMAINS`
# 2. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Zdefiniuj `result: list[str]` z wszystkimi adresami email mającymi domenę z `DOMAINS`
# 2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Example
# >>> result
# ['alice@example.com',
#  'bob@example.com',
#  'carol@example.com',
#  'dave@example.org']

# %% Hints
# - `str.endswith()`

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> from pprint import pprint

>>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign your result to variable `result`'
>>> assert type(result) is list, \
'Result must be a list'
>>> assert len(result) > 0, \
'Result cannot be empty'
>>> assert all(type(element) is str for element in result), \
'All elements in result must be a str'

>>> pprint(result)
['alice@example.com',
 'bob@example.com',
 'carol@example.com',
 'mallory@example.net']
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
result: list[str]

# %% Data
DATA = [
    ('firstname', 'lastname', 'email'),
    ('Alice', 'Apricot', 'alice@example.com'),
    ('Bob', 'Banana', 'bob@example.com'),
    ('Carol', 'Corn', 'carol@example.com'),
    ('Dave', 'Durian', 'dave@example.org'),
    ('Eve', 'Elderberry', 'eve@example.org'),
    ('Mallory', 'Melon', 'mallory@example.net'),
]

DOMAINS = ('example.com', 'example.net')

# %% Result
result = ...