2.2. Syntax Types¶

int - Integer number
float - Floating point number
bool - Boolean value
str - Character string
None - Empty value (null)
list - Ordered sequence of objects (can be modified)
tuple - Ordered sequence of objects (cannot be modified)
set - Unordered sequence of objects (can be modified)
dict - Key-value data structure
type() - Returns exact type of an argument
isinstance() - Allows for checking if value is expected type

This concept is only briefly described here. More information will be in upcoming chapters.

2.2.1. Basic types¶

>>> data = 1                 # int
>>> data = 1.2               # float
>>> data = True              # bool
>>> data = False             # bool
>>> data = None              # NoneType
>>> data = 'abc'             # str

2.2.2. Sequences¶

>>> data = [1, 2, 3]         # list
>>> data = (1, 2, 3)         # tuple
>>> data = {1, 2, 3}         # set

2.2.3. Mappings¶

>>> data = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}  # dict

2.2.4. Type Checking¶

type() - Returns type of an argument
isinstance() - Allows for checking if value is expected type
To check if type is what you expected use type() or isinstance()
Later you will learn the difference

>>> x = 1
>>> type(x)
<class 'int'>

>>> x = 1
>>> type(x) is int
True

>>> x = 1
>>> isinstance(x, int)
True

2.2.5. Use Case - 0x01¶

>>> name = 'Mark Watney'
>>> age = 42
>>> height = 178.0
>>> is_astronaut = True
>>> friends = None

2.2.6. Assignments¶

Code 2.1. assignments/syntax_types_a.py¶

"""
* Assignment: Syntax Types Int
* Type: class assignment
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 1 lines
* Time: 2 min

English:
    1. Define variable `result` with value 1
    2. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Zdefiniuj zmienną `result` z wartością 1
    2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
    >>> from pprint import pprint

    >>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
    'Assign your result to variable `result`'

    >>> assert type(result) is int, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be int'

    >>> assert result == 1, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid value, should be 1'

    >>> pprint(result)
    1
"""

# with value 1
# type: int
result = ...

Code 2.2. assignments/syntax_types_b.py¶

"""
* Assignment: Syntax Types Float
* Type: class assignment
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 1 lines
* Time: 2 min

English:
    1. Define variable `result` with value 1.2
    2. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Zdefiniuj zmienną `result` z wartością 1.2
    2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
    >>> from pprint import pprint

    >>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
    'Assign your result to variable `result`'

    >>> assert type(result) is float, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be float'

    >>> assert result == 1.2, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid value, should be 1.2'

    >>> pprint(result)
    1.2
"""

# with value 1.2
# type: float
result = ...

Code 2.3. assignments/syntax_types_c.py¶

"""
* Assignment: Syntax Types Str
* Type: class assignment
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 1 lines
* Time: 2 min

English:
    1. Define `result` with text 'Hello World'
    2. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Zdefiniuj zmienną `result` z tekstem 'Hello World'
    2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Hints:
    * Either quotes (") or apostrophes (') will work

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
    >>> from pprint import pprint

    >>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
    'Assign your result to variable `result`'

    >>> assert type(result) is str, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be str'

    >>> assert result == 'Hello World', \
    'Variable `result` has invalid value, should be "Hello World"'

    >>> pprint(result)
    'Hello World'
"""

# with Hello World
# type: str
result = ...

Code 2.4. assignments/syntax_types_d.py¶

"""
* Assignment: Syntax Types Bool
* Type: class assignment
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 1 lines
* Time: 2 min

English:
    1. Define variable `result` with value True
    2. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Zdefiniuj zmienną `result` z wartością True
    2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Hint:
    * Note that True is capitalized

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
    >>> from pprint import pprint

    >>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
    'Assign your result to variable `result`'

    >>> assert type(result) is bool, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be bool'

    >>> assert result is True, \
    'Variable `result` has invalid value, should be True'

    >>> pprint(result)
    True
"""

# with value True
# type: bool
result = ...